California Regulators Issue Cannabis Banking Guidance That’s Actually Useful

On October 2, 2019, the California Department of Business Oversight issued some really helpful guidance aimed at California banks and credit unions that are currently or are planning to bank marijuana-related businesses (MRBs). The guidance document consists of an extensive questionnaire that is used by California state bank examiners when they audit a bank or credit union’s MRB compliance program. The guidance document is intended to help California financial institutions comply with Bank Secrecy Act and FinCEN guidance on cannabis banking. Although some of the guidance in the questionnaire is California-law specific, much of it is broadly applicable to any financial institution in any state that has legalized medical or recreational cannabis. We are encouraging all of our financial institution clients who have or are working on MRB compliance programs to take a look!

Mainers May Be Hot to Invest in Marijuana, but Out-of-State Money Is Still a Necessity

The website patch.com has posted a report that Maine is the no.1 state for marijuana investments. This doesn’t mean that Maine has the most investor dollars in marijuana, but just that Maine investors are more interested on average in marijuana stocks than investors in other states. I took interest in this report because it brings us back to our concerns over Maine’s restrictions on out-of-state investment in marijuana businesses. Sure, a high percentage of Maine residents are interested in the pot sector, but there just aren’t that many Maine investors compared to other states, and even fewer high-dollar investors. 

Starting a sophisticated marijuana business takes a lot of capital and banks are lending to this sector, so investment is needed. By necessity, the bulk of this investment needs to come from out of state to really jumpstart Maine’s adult use sector. Overly restrictive laws that prohibit this investment will only stifle the industry.

SAFE Banking Act Would Open the Door (Wider) to Cannabis Banking

The Secure and Fair Enforcement (SAFE) Banking Act of 2019 has garnered bipartisan support and may even have a shot at passage. It would not remove cannabis from Schedule I of the CSA, but it would prohibit federal bank regulators from penalizing financial institutions that provide services to state-legal cannabis businesses. Under current federal law, all proceeds of cannabis businesses are unlawful even if the company is operating in full compliance with state law. Federally chartered and insured financial institutions therefore risk sanctions, loss of access to payment systems, cancellation of deposit insurance, and even loss of charters for serving the cannabis industry.

Notably, the SAFE Banking Act would prohibit forfeiture of collateral taken as security for loans to cannabis companies and would prevent regulators from cancelling deposit insurance or otherwise sanctioning banks for providing products and services to state-law compliant cannabusinesses. Maine’s Bureau of Financial Institutions is apparently following the issue. On April 15, 2019, it, along with state banking supervisors from many other states, sent a letter to the leaders of the House and Senate urging the passage of legislation that would create a safe harbor for financial institutions to serve legal cannabis businesses. A group of 33 state attorneys general, including Maine Attorney General Aaron M. Frey, sent a letter on May 8, 2019, urging Congress to enact a federal banking safe harbor to help get cash off the streets and into banks where it belongs. The American Bankers Association also submitted a letter to the Senate in support of the SAFE Banking Act. 

Many people believe this law could be the final push that federally chartered banks need to feel comfortable providing services to the growing industry. If adopted, it would open access more broadly to checking accounts, credit cards, payment systems, payroll services, and loans, and may even help provide some relief to the access to capital issue that so many burgeoning cannabis businesses are presently struggling with.